Nigeria: Redefining Regional Position
Summary
A recent move by Nigeria to shut its border with Benin
illustrates Abuja's growing confidence in its new role as
regional policeman for the United States. It also hints that
Nigeria soon may adopt more hegemonistic policies toward its West
African neighbors.
Analysis
Nigeria in recent days closed its border with neighboring Benin,
citing an intolerable level of cross-border crime. Military
forces have placed tanks and police vehicles on highways at the
major checkpoint near Seme in order to block traffic.
The decision to shut the border indicates growing tensions
between the two states. Benin is the main transit route for
illicit trade from Nigeria -- especially for smuggled fuel -- and
Abuja's move will directly impact the country's $2.6 billion
economy. Of greater significance, the border closing reflects
Nigeria's growing sense of confidence. Nigerian President
Olusegun Obasanjo, having won re-election and now becoming a
proxy serving U.S. interests in the region, is now setting out to
redefine Nigeria's regional role.
West Africa is dominated by oil-producing countries -- and, by
extension, oil consumers' investments. Equatorial Guinea, Sao
Tome, Cameroon, Gabon, Cote d'Ivoire and even Ghana and Togo, as
well as Nigeria, either produce oil or are the sites of current
energy exploration projects. With a number of multinational
companies operating in each of these countries, outside powers
are taking greater interest and involvement in the region's
political affairs.
In the past, this has meant that Nigeria competed with Britain,
China, France, Libya and the United States for influence over its
neighbors. Now, that situation has changed: Washington's fears of
instability have forced it to rely heavily upon cooperation from
Nigeria -- the largest, wealthiest and most militarily powerful
country in the region.
Nigeria therefore is emerging as a deputy for U.S. policies in
the region. For example, the recent deployment of Nigerian
peacekeepers in Liberia is a direct result of the new cooperation
between Abuja and Washington. The country's mediation between
government and rebel forces following a coup in Sao Tome and
Principe in July also came at the behest of the United States,
which is considering the archipelago as a potential naval base.
Nigeria's dispute with Benin over crime along their border likely
has nothing to do with U.S. policies or goals, but it nonetheless
is an indicator of confidence that Abuja will suffer no negative
consequences if it takes punitive action against Benin. Obasanjo
is scheduled to meet Benin's president, Mathieu Kerekou, in the
Nigerian border town of Badagry in the coming days to discuss the
border closure. Summoning his Beninese counterpart to Nigerian
territory for a meeting is a clear demonstration of Abuja's power
and Benin's relative weakness.
This is the key to Nigeria's new worldview. With the United
States relying upon Abuja to keep order in the region, with the
country's oil wealth and with Obasanjo firmly ensconced in Aso
Rock, Nigeria is well positioned to reshape relations with its
neighbors.
Perceiving itself to be in a strengthened position, and with at
least tacit support from the United States, Nigeria may revisit
and renegotiate several unresolved political issues in the coming
months -- including the details of its handover of the oil-rich
Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon, maritime boundaries with Sao Tome
and pipeline deals with Ghana.
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